GIS-based mapping of water-level fluctuations (WLF) and its impact on groundwater in an Agrarian District in Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract This study describes the results of groundwater table variation in Thanjavur District before and after monsoon seasons. Groundwater-level data acquired by field measurement elevation have been obtained from topographic survey. Groundwater is major source for different sectors this region, portion was used irrigation. The impacts geology, soil types, elevation, land-use changes were critically analyzed identified that these factors are controlling infiltration capacity. maximum fluctuation water 2 m below ground level; still, 50% area under threat overexploitation. projecting to a severe shortage supply soon. quality threatening saline intrusion coastal irrigation return flows inland. spatial maps useful visualizing seasonal level Thanjavur. A proper monitoring system, efficient practices, effective recharge structures recommended.